emissions from termites, hydrates, and oceans). Our results also demonstrate that the magnitude and trend of methane mole fraction and δ 13C–CH 4 can be strongly influenced by the combined uncertainty in more minor components of the atmospheric budget, which are often fixed and assumed to be well-known in inverse-modelling studies (e.g. However, we demonstrate the critical importance of constraining isotopic initial conditions and isotopic source signatures, small uncertainties in which strongly influence long-term δ 13C–CH 4 trends because of the long timescales over which transient perturbations propagate through the atmosphere. Our work quantitatively determines the added value of measurements of δ 13C–CH 4, which are sensitive to some uncertain parameters to which mole fraction observations on their own are not. We find that our current knowledge of the methane budget, as inferred through hemispheric mole fraction observations, is limited primarily by uncertainty in the global mean hydroxyl radical concentration and freshwater emissions.
The emulator was used to determine how sensitive methane mole fraction and δ 13C–CH 4 are to the major source and sink components of the atmospheric budget given current estimates of their uncertainty. The method is shown to outperform multiple linear regression because it captures non-linear relationships between inputs and outputs as well as the interaction between model input parameters. The presented emulator successfully reproduces the chemical transport model output with a root-mean-square error of 1.0 ppb and 0.05 ‰ for hemispheric-methane mole fraction and δ 13C–CH 4, respectively, for 28 uncertain model inputs. Our approach, based on Gaussian process emulation, allows relationships between inputs and outputs in the model to be efficiently explored. There is even software that reads extra sectors from the tape after turning the motor off, relying on the inertia of the motor.Īll of these more exotic protection schemes now work correctly in Q-emuLator when using a microdrive image containing a dump of the original copy-protected cartridge and using Sinclair ROMs with the “QDOS MDV image driver” option enabled.We present a method to efficiently approximate the response of atmospheric-methane mole fraction and δ 13C–CH 4 to changes in uncertain emission and loss parameters in a three-dimensional global chemical transport model. Note that this option only applies to microdrive images Other media attached to virtual microdrive slots still use the Q-emuLator device driver, as those types of media are not supported by the original QL ROM.Ī few early software titles for the QL used copy protection schemes where they accessed the microdrives through QDOS calls, but then did some extra checks at fixed memory addresses where the Sinclair driver would store some of its internal data or cached sectors. The simulated tape speed is about twice that of a real QL, so loading programs may take a few seconds. The tradeoff is that access to microdrive images becomes much slower compared to the Q-emuLator device driver (used when the option is not checked). Here is the new option to use the QDOS driver to access microdrive images (only works when using Sinclair ROMs): Using the Sinclair device driver for microdrive access The payment processing service for registration has changed to Paypal. This version also includes many small compatibility improvements. Save QL screen snapshots to the desktop by pressing CTRL+F11.mdump_task now included in the FileUtil directory Use it on a QL to create images of your microdrive cartridges (also works with any copy-protected software you own) that can be used with the emulator.Use the original Sinclair device driver to access microdrive images.Support for “mdump version 2” microdrive images.An update of Q-emuLator for Windows is now available at.
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